MQL-Assisted Hard Turning of AISI D2 Steel with Corn Oil: Analysis of Surface Roughness, Tool Wear, and Manufacturing Costs

Precision hard turning (HT) gained more and attention in the cutting industry last years due to continuous pressure of global market for reducing costs, minimizing environmental health issues, achieving a cleaner production. Therefore, dry minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) became widely used manufacturing meet issues with respect harmful fluids (CFs). Vegetable oils, MQL machining, are promising solutions petroleum-based CFs; however, effects performance on surface roughness tool wear HT ceramic inserts remain unclear. To address this limitation, hardened AIDI D2 steel pure corn oil, rich saturated monounsaturated fatty acids, cheap available, have been conduct experiments at different speed feeds. Results show that oil is suitable as lubricant HT, creating strong anti-wear anti-friction lubricating film which improves 10–15% life 15–20%, therefore costs. Best values (Ra = 0.151 ?m, Rz 0.887 Rpk 0.261 ?m) were obtained 180 m/min 0.1 mm/rev. The analysis variance shows has statistical significance roughness, validating results.